Troy Altus

Deep Dives

Data projects on subjects that seem mundane until you look closely — the salt on your table, the flight you almost made, the grid behind the switch.

Hidden Worlds

Hidden Worlds

Mundane things that run the world. Hidden Maps (network series — start with Ep. 0) and Microhistories (~2-hour PDFs).

Hidden Maps

Read Ep. 0 first if network analysis is new. Episodes 1–4: sky, grid, streets, internet.

Ep. 0 · Primer

Hidden Maps

Dots, lines, hubs, chokepoints — the shared vocabulary for the whole series. No engineering or math background required.

2026 Introduction
Read first
Ep. 1 · Flights

The Architecture of Flight

Why a delay in Atlanta reaches Pittsburgh and Portland.

2026 Interactive + PDF
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Ep. 2 · The Grid

When the Lights Go Out

What a blackout teaches you about transmission paths the grid cannot afford to lose.

2026 Interactive + PDF
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Ep. 3 · Streets

When One Intersection Closes

Pittsburgh’s street map looks fine until you shut the wrong junction. Most closures barely matter; the right one strands half the city.

2026 Interactive + PDF
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Ep. 4 · Internet

The Handoff Behind Your Click

Who carries your traffic on the internet’s hidden AS routing map — and what happens when the right backbone fails.

2026 Interactive + PDF
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Microhistories

Mark Kurlansky–style PDFs for a single sitting (~2 hours). Mundane objects, hidden worlds — the salt on your table, the zipper on your coat, the pencil in your hand.

Microhistory

The Pencil

You call it lead; it never was. From Borrowdale’s guarded graphite mines to Conté’s wartime kiln, Thoreau’s Concord factory, and the NASA space-pen myth — the six-inch stick that outlasted every prediction of obsolescence.

2026 PDF · ~2 hr read
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Microhistory

The Zipper

The sound that named an invention. From Judson’s failed clasp locker at the 1893 World’s Fair to Sundback’s interlocking teeth, Schiaparelli’s runway, and YKK’s billions — why most closures are harmless and the right one is catastrophic.

2026 PDF · ~2 hr read
Read PDF

History & Engineering

Tracing the people, decisions, and breakthroughs that shaped modern engineering and technology.

Strategic Missiles

Salt, Tires, and Explosives

How America's strategic missile industry grew from explosives, rubber chemistry, and unlikely corporate alliances. A genealogical history of the engineers, failures, and pivotal moments that defined the Space Race.

2024 Interactive
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History of Math

Friction and Flow

The history and mystery of the Navier-Stokes equations — five independent derivations, their use in every aircraft and pipeline ever built, and the million-dollar Millennium Prize problem that remains unsolved.

2026 Interactive + PDF
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History of Math

In Search of the Optimum

A narrative history of mathematical optimization from Fermat to Karmarkar. Ten chapters covering the brachistochrone, Lagrange multipliers, the simplex method, Soviet linear programming, and the 1984 interior-point revolution that shook AT&T's patent lawyers.

2026 Interactive + PDF
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Materials Science

The Restoring Force

Hooke's Law and the birth of the science of materials. From a coiled spring in seventeenth-century London through Young's modulus, Cauchy's stress tensor, and beam theory to seismology, piezoelectricity, and MEMS.

2026 Interactive + PDF
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Data Science & Optimization

Modern computational techniques applied to classical problems — from optimization and causal reasoning to data analysis.

Operations Research

Data Science Tools for Classical Operations Research

Python implementation of numerical optimization and modern operations research. From linear programming to metaheuristics and beyond.

2025 Interactive
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Probability & Reasoning

Uncertain Minds

Causal inference, Bayesian reasoning, and the science of learning. Understanding cause-and-effect relationships in an uncertain world.

2024 Interactive
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Optimization

Origami Optimization

Numerical optimization in origami engineering. Crease geometry, circle packing, energy minimization, and inverse fold design — with executable Python throughout.

2026 Interactive + PDF
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Data Analysis

Carrier Throttling Analysis

When “unlimited” stops meaning unlimited. Two years of Ookla speed tests and FCC panel data on whether your carrier quietly slows you down after you hit the fine print.

2026 Interactive + PDF
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Expat Analysis

Where Should You Go?

Scores 31 countries across 11 dimensions — cost of living, healthcare, safety, visa access, English proficiency, and more. One-click presets (Budget, Family, Digital Nomad, Retiree, Safety, Adventure), live weight sliders, instant radar comparisons, custom country what-ifs, and shareable configs.

2026 App + Paper
Launch interactive app
Citizen Science

Backyard Seed Advisor

What your feeder says about the birds in your zip code — and which seed they actually want this month. Region, season, and recent sightings in; ranked seeds and a custom mix recipe out. Runs in the browser, no account required.

2026 App
Try the app

Independent Verification & Validation

Occasional spot-checks of published claims against raw microdata and primary sources. The US Census IV&V series doubles as a tour of what the Census API has to offer.

Replication Study

The Bell Curve — Replication

Herrnstein & Murray's 1994 book generated one of the most contentious debates in modern social science. This is a personal look at the underlying numbers — AFQT, SES, and social outcomes in NLSY79/97 and GSS — not to litigate the conclusions, but to see what the data actually show.

2026 Interactive + PDF
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US Census IV&V

US Census IV&V

Spot-checks of Census Bureau data releases against raw microdata and the Census API — a running tour of what the API can do and a seed bank for future projects.

2026 Interactive + PDF
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Computational Linguistics

Historical linguistics meets modern data science — word origins, sound change, cognate detection, and semantic drift in Python.

Survey

Etymology + Data Science

A 12-chapter computational tour of historical linguistics: sequence alignment, phylogenetic inference, proto-language reconstruction, and semantic drift — all in Python. From the 19th-century comparative method to modern transformer-based models.

2026 Interactive
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App

Sentence Diagrams

Interactive visual sentence diagramming for English & German. Traditional Reed-Kellogg + modern syntax trees. Extensible to Spanish, Latin, Greek.

2026 App
Try the tool
Technical Paper

Do Technology Words Drift Faster?

Measuring semantic change rates across word categories using Hamilton et al. historical embeddings. Tests whether tech vocabulary drifts faster than biology, law, or everyday language.

2026 Interactive
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Paper WIP

Loanword Networks

Graph-theoretic analysis of borrowing density across Indo-European branches.

WIP In progress
Paper WIP

Cognate Detection Benchmark

Comparing edit-distance, PMI, and neural methods on gold-standard cognate pairs.

WIP In progress
Paper WIP

The Neogrammarian Test

Are sound changes truly exceptionless? Corpus validation of the regularity hypothesis.

WIP In progress
Paper WIP

Reconstruction Accuracy

Transformer vs. rule-based proto-form reconstruction — scored against attested Latin and Greek.

WIP In progress
App WIP

Semantic Drift Dashboard

Interactive browser for any word's semantic trajectory across decades.

WIP In progress
App WIP

Cognate Explorer

Input two words — alignment score, shared ancestry probability, and tree placement.

WIP In progress
eBook WIP

The Indo-European Problem

Full reconstruction pipeline for one language family — phylogenetics, sound laws, and the debate history.

WIP In progress

Music & Practice

Companion volumes for deliberate practice on nylon-string instruments. Scores, tablature, audio references, and focused technique guidance.

Guitar

Classical Guitar Companion

A practical study guide for nylon-string players — repertoire, technique, scores in notation + tablature, and deliberate practice strategies with audio.

2026 Interactive + PDF
Play
Ukulele

Classical Ukulele Companion

Classical repertoire and technique for tenor (standard tuning) and baritone ukulele — notation, tablature, audio references, and deliberate practice strategies.

WIP In progress